OLD SIX-LEVEL HSK · VERSION 2.0

HSK 6 Grammar

105 points, in the reference book’s original order.

Your HSK 6 learning path

105 points

1
“More” with “yù” Structures
愈……愈…… / 愈来愈……
愈……愈…… (yù...yù...) and 愈来愈…… (yù lái yù...) are formal or literary alternatives to 越……越…… (yuè...yuè...) and 越来越…… (yuè lái yuè...). They express a process of gradual increase or change and are often used in formal writing, academic discussion, and polished speech.
2
Advanced Usage of the Contrary “dào”
倒
At HSK6 level, 倒 (dào) is not only used for simple contrast. It often marks a result or attitude that is somewhat unexpected, contrary to assumption, or used to gently shift the speaker’s viewpoint.
3
Emphasizing with “hěn shì”
很是
很是 (hěn shì) is a formal or literary intensifier meaning “very,” “indeed,” or “quite.” It often appears in written Chinese or elevated narration and is especially common before adjectives or psychological states.
4
Emphasizing a Full Amount with “zúzú”
足足
足足 (zúzú) means “a full,” “no less than,” or “as much as.” It is used to emphasize that a number, amount, or duration is large, complete, or more than expected.
5
Expressing “Again and Again” with “yízài”
一再
一再 (yízài) means “again and again,” “repeatedly,” or “time and again.” It emphasizes repeated action over multiple occasions.
6
Expressing “All” with “fánshì”
凡是
凡是 (fánshì) means “whenever,” “any,” or “all those who / all things that...” It is used to refer broadly to every case that fits a condition.
7
Long-Standing Habits or Attitudes with “xiànglái”
向来
向来 (xiànglái) means “always,” “all along,” or “traditionally / consistently.” It is used to describe a long-standing habit, attitude, or reputation.
8
Expressing “As Expected” with “guǒrán”
果然
果然 (guǒrán) means “as expected,” “sure enough,” or “just as one thought.” It is used when the actual result matches a prior expectation, prediction, or suspicion.
9
Expressing “As If” with “sìhū”
似乎
似乎 (sìhū) means “it seems,” “as if,” or “apparently.” It expresses uncertainty, impression, or tentative judgment.
10
Expressing “Certainly” with “bìdìng”
必定
必定 (bìdìng) means “certainly,” “surely,” or “bound to.” It expresses a high degree of certainty, often based on logic, judgment, or strong belief.
11
Expressing “Coincidentally” with “qiǎo”
巧
巧 (qiǎo) in this usage expresses coincidence, especially when two things happen to match unexpectedly. It often appears in patterns like:
12
Emphatic Inclusion with “lián...dōu / yě...”
连……都 / 也……
连……都 / 也 marks emphatic inclusion: even an unexpected, extreme, or minimal case falls within the statement. The pattern expresses scale and speaker expectation, not continuity.
13
Expressing “Deliberately” with “gùyì”
故意
故意 (gùyì) means “deliberately,” “on purpose,” or “intentionally.” It is used when someone does something with clear intention, especially when the action could have been avoided or is done for a particular effect.
14
Expressing “Especially” with “yóuqí”
尤其
尤其 (yóuqí) means “especially,” “particularly,” or “in particular.” It is used when highlighting one element as more obvious, important, or true than others within the same group.
15
Expressing “Even More So” with “hékuàng”
何况
何况 (hékuàng) means “let alone,” “much less,” or “all the more so.” It is used when one situation is already true, and another stronger or more obvious case is therefore even more true.
16
Introducing a Frank Opinion with “tǎnshuài de shuō”
坦率地说
坦率地说 (tǎnshuài de shuō) means “frankly speaking,” “to be frank,” or “honestly speaking.” It is used when the speaker wants to introduce a direct opinion or evaluation and signal openness.
17
Expressing “Gradually” with “zhújiàn”
逐渐
逐渐 (zhújiàn) means “gradually,” “little by little,” or “step by step.” It describes change that happens slowly over time.
18
Expressing “Hardly” with “hǎobù róngyì”
好不容易
好不容易 (hǎobù róngyì) means “with great difficulty,” “only after much effort,” or “finally after a lot of trouble.” It emphasizes that something was achieved with difficulty, effort, or after a long wait.
19
Expressing “In Fact” with “qíshí”
其实
其实 (qíshí) means “actually,” “in fact,” or “as a matter of fact.” It is used when the speaker wants to reveal the real situation, correct a misunderstanding, or add information that changes the listener’s view.
20
Expressing “Indeed” with “quèshí”
确实
确实 (quèshí) means “indeed,” “certainly,” or “it is true that.” It is used when the speaker wants to confirm that something is objectively true or undeniable.
21
Expressing “In One Breath / Straight Through” with “yìkǒuqì”
一口气
一口气 (yìkǒuqì) literally means “one breath.” In actual usage, it means doing something in one go, without stopping, or straight through.
22
Expressing “Merely” with “jǐnjǐn”
仅仅
仅仅 (jǐnjǐn) means “merely,” “only,” or “just.” It emphasizes that the quantity, scope, or significance is limited.
23
Expressing “On Purpose” with “tèyì”
特意
特意 (tèyì) means “especially,” “deliberately for a purpose,” or “to make a special effort to.” It emphasizes that someone does something intentionally and often with positive, thoughtful, or purposeful motivation.
24
Expressing “Repeatedly” with “fǎnfù”
反复
反复 (fǎnfù) means “repeatedly,” “again and again,” or “back and forth.” It can describe repeated action, repeated consideration, or repeated change.
25
Expressing “Roughly” with “dàgài”
大概
大概 (dàgài) means “roughly,” “approximately,” or “probably,” depending on context. It can be used for:
26
Expressing “Simply” with “gēnběn”
根本
根本 (gēnběn) can function as an adverb or a noun-like word depending on context. At HSK6 level, the most important use is as an adverb meaning:
27
Expressing “Unexpectedly” with “jūrán”
居然
居然 (jūrán) means “unexpectedly,” “to one’s surprise,” or “actually / even...” when the result goes against the speaker’s expectation.
28
Expressing “Unexpectedly” with “jìngrán”
竟然
竟然 (jìngrán) also means “unexpectedly,” “to one’s surprise,” or “actually even...” It is used when the outcome goes far beyond what was expected.
29
Expressing “Without Exception” with “yílǜ”
一律
一律 (yílǜ) means “all without exception,” “uniformly,” or “across the board.” It is used when the same rule, treatment, or standard applies to every case equally.
30
Formal Degree Expression with “pō”
颇
颇 (pō) is a formal degree adverb meaning “quite,” “rather,” or “considerably.” It is common in written Chinese, formal reviews, evaluations, and literary description.
31
Formal and Literary ‘-rán’ Words
然
At HSK6 level, learners often encounter formal or literary words ending in 然 (rán). Depending on the word and context, they may function as adverbs, adjectives, or nouns.
32
Expressing Immediate or Decisive Action with ‘shuō...jiù...’
说……就……
The pattern 说 + X + 就 + X presents an action or change as immediate, abrupt, or decisive. In expressions such as 说变就变 (shuō biàn jiù biàn) and 说走就走 (shuō zǒu jiù zǒu), it emphasizes that something happens without delay.
33
Literary Adjective Patterns
文言色彩形容词结构
At HSK6 level, students often meet adjective structures with literary flavor, especially in formal writing and refined narrative. These expressions may come from classical Chinese influence or from modern formal prose.
34
Advanced Adjectival Intensification
高级形容词强化结构
At HSK6 level, intensification goes beyond 很 (hěn) and 非常 (fēicháng). Advanced Chinese often uses varied structures to strengthen adjectives in more precise, nuanced, or elegant ways.
35
Expressing Contrast with “què”
却
At HSK6 level, 却 (què) is used not just for simple contrast, but often to highlight a result that is especially contrary to expectation, logic, or the speaker’s assumption.
36
Expressing Contrast with “fǎn’ér”
反而
反而 (fǎn’ér) means “instead,” “on the contrary,” or “contrary to expectation.” It is used when the actual result goes in the opposite direction from what was expected.
37
Expressing Contrast with “piānpiān”
偏偏
偏偏 (piānpiān) means “just (contrary to expectation),” “unfortunately / unexpectedly at exactly that time,” or “precisely in that inconvenient way.” It often carries emotional tone such as frustration, irony, helplessness, or dramatic emphasis.
38
Expressing Concession with “gùrán”
固然
固然 (gùrán) means “admittedly,” “of course,” or “it is true that...” It is used to acknowledge one point before introducing another, often more important or more decisive point.
39
Expressing Concession with “chéngrán”
诚然
诚然 (chéngrán) means “admittedly,” “it is true that,” or “granted.” It is similar to 固然 (gùrán), but usually sounds even more formal and written.
40
Expressing Transition with “rán’ér”
然而
然而 (rán’ér) means “however,” “nevertheless,” or “yet.” It is a formal connector used to introduce a turn in thought, especially in writing or serious speech.
41
Expressing Transition with “búguò”
不过
At HSK6 level, 不过 (búguò) can still mean “however” or “but,” but it often carries a softer, more measured shift than 然而 (rán’ér). It can also imply “only that” or “except that.”
42
Expressing Cause with “zhèng yīnwèi”
正因为……才……
正因为……才…… (zhèng yīnwèi...cái...) means “it is precisely because... that...” It is used to emphasize a specific cause as the real reason for the result.
43
Expressing Cause with “zhī suǒyǐ”
之所以……是因为……
之所以……是因为…… (zhī suǒyǐ...shì yīnwèi...) marks a reason-result relationship. In natural English, it often corresponds to 'the reason... is that...' or a direct '... because...' construction. It is used for formal, carefully structured explanations.
44
Expressing Conclusion with “kějiàn”
可见
可见 (kějiàn) introduces a conclusion based on evidence, reasoning, or the preceding discussion. Natural English equivalents include ‘this shows that’ and ‘it is clear that.’
45
Expressing Conclusion with “yóucǐ kějiàn”
由此可见
由此可见 (yóucǐ kějiàn) explicitly introduces a conclusion drawn from the preceding evidence or reasoning. Natural English equivalents include ‘this shows that,’ ‘we can therefore conclude that,’ and ‘it follows that.’
46
Expressing Condition with “jíshǐ”
即使……也……
即使……也…… (jíshǐ...yě...) means “even if... still...” It introduces a hypothetical condition, but emphasizes that the result in the second clause remains unchanged.
47
Expressing Condition with “zòngrán”
纵然……也……
纵然……也…… (zòngrán...yě...) also means “even if... still...” Like 即使 (jíshǐ), it expresses concession.
48
Expressing Condition with “nǎpà”
哪怕……也……
哪怕……也…… (nǎpà...yě...) means “even if,” “even though,” or “even if it is only...” It often emphasizes that even the smallest, most difficult, or least likely condition still does not change the result.
49
Expressing “Only If” with “wéiyǒu”
唯有……才……
唯有……才…… (wéiyǒu...cái...) means “only if... then...” or “only by...” It is used to emphasize that one and only one condition can make the result possible.
50
Expressing “Unless” with “chúfēi”
除非……否则……
除非……否则…… (chúfēi...fǒuzé...) means “unless... otherwise...” It introduces the only condition under which a different result can happen; if that condition is not met, the consequence in the second part follows.
51
Expressing “Even More” with “gèngjiā”
更加
更加 (gèngjiā) means “even more,” “all the more,” or “to an even greater degree.” It is similar to 更 (gèng), but it usually sounds more formal, more complete, and more suitable for written or careful spoken Chinese.
52
Expressing “Increasingly” with “rìyì”
日益
日益 (rìyì) means “increasingly,” “day by day,” or “more and more with time.” It is a formal written expression used when describing a gradual but clear development or intensification over time.
53
Expressing “Not Necessarily” with “wèibì”
未必
未必 (wèibì) means “not necessarily” or “may not.” It is used when the speaker wants to say that something others assume to be true is not definitely true.
54
Expressing “No Matter What” with “wúlùn rúhé”
无论如何
无论如何 (wúlùn rúhé) means “no matter what,” “in any case,” or “whatever happens.” It expresses that something remains true under all circumstances.
55
Expressing “Sooner or Later” with “zǎowǎn”
早晚
早晚 (zǎowǎn) literally means “morning and evening,” but as an adverb it means “sooner or later.” It is used when the speaker believes that something will inevitably happen, though the exact time is uncertain.
56
Expressing “Eventually” with “zhōngjiū”
终究
终究 (zhōngjiū) means “in the end,” “after all,” or “eventually.” It emphasizes the final outcome after a process, often suggesting that despite change, delay, or difficulty, the result is ultimately unavoidable.
57
Expressing “Finally” with “zhōngyú”
终于
终于 (zhōngyú) means “finally,” “at last,” or “in the end.” It emphasizes that something happened after waiting, effort, or a long process.
58
Expressing “At Once” with “dāngchǎng”
当场
当场 (dāngchǎng) means “on the spot,” “right there,” or “immediately at the scene.” It emphasizes that something happens immediately and at that very place, often without delay.
59
Expressing “Meanwhile” with “tóngshí”
同时
同时 (tóngshí) means “at the same time,” “meanwhile,” or “simultaneously.” It can describe two actions happening together, but at HSK6 level it is also widely used as a discourse connector linking two related points.
60
Expressing “Still / Yet” with “réng”
仍 / 仍然
仍 (réng) and 仍然 (réngrán) mean “still,” “yet,” or “nevertheless continuing.” They indicate that a situation continues without change despite time passing or circumstances changing.
61
Marking a Delayed or Conditioned Result with “cái / fāngcái”
才 / 方才
才 (cái) can mark that a result occurs only after a condition is met or later than expected. Formal 方才 (fāngcái) can sometimes mean ‘only then,’ although in everyday speech it more commonly means ‘just now.’
62
Formal “Only Then / Only By” with “fāng”
方 / 方才 / 方能
In formal writing, 方 (fāng) and compounds such as 方能 (fāngnéng) can mean ‘only then’ or ‘only by doing so.’ 方才 (fāngcái) may share this function in formal contexts, although it also commonly means ‘just now.’
63
Expressing “Altogether / In total” with “gòng”
共 / 总共
共 (gòng) and 总共 (zǒnggòng) both indicate total amount or overall number. 共 (gòng) is shorter and often more formal or written. 总共 (zǒnggòng) is more common in speech and everyday usage.
64
Expressing “Roughly / In General” with “dàzhì”
大致
大致 (dàzhì) means “roughly,” “in general,” or “approximately.” It is used when describing something in broad outline without going into all the details.
65
Expressing “Further” with “jìnyíbù”
进一步
进一步 (jìnyíbù) means “further,” “one step further,” or “to a greater extent.” It is used when speaking about moving beyond the current stage in thought, action, research, or development.
66
Expressing “Actually / In effect” with “shíjì shàng”
实际上
实际上 (shíjì shàng) means “in fact,” “actually,” or “in reality.” It is used when the speaker wants to distinguish reality from appearance, assumption, or surface impression.
67
Expressing “From beginning to end” with “cóngtóu dào wěi”
从头到尾
从头到尾 (cóngtóu dào wěi) means “from beginning to end,” “throughout,” or “all the way through.” It emphasizes completeness of process or continuity from the start to the finish.
68
Expressing “One after another” with “jiē’èr liánsān”
接二连三
接二连三 (jiē’èr liánsān) means “one after another,” “again and again in succession,” or “in rapid succession.” It emphasizes that events happen continuously and often unexpectedly or intensively.
69
Shifting Topic or Setting a Limit with “zhìyú”
至于
至于 introduces a related subtopic, similar to "as for." It normally follows an established context rather than opening an unrelated discussion. In （还）不至于, it can also mean that a situation has not reached a stated degree or consequence.
70
Expressing a Consequential Result with “yǐzhì / yǐzhìyú”
以致 / 以至于
以致 and 以至于 introduce a consequence of the preceding situation. 以致 is concise and formal; 以至于 more readily emphasizes the degree that leads to the result. The result is often undesirable, though context can be neutral.
71
Expressing “Even so” with “jíbiàn rúcǐ”
即便如此
即便如此 (jíbiàn rúcǐ) means “even so,” “even under these circumstances,” or “be that as it may.” It is used after acknowledging a situation, but then showing that the following conclusion or attitude still holds.
72
Expressing “There is no denying” with “bùkě fǒurèn”
不可否认
不可否认 (bùkě fǒurèn) means “it cannot be denied,” “there is no denying,” or “undeniably.” It is used to introduce a point that the speaker believes is objectively true and difficult to dispute.
73
Expressing “Needless to say” with “gèng bùbì shuō”
更不必说
更不必说 (gèng bùbì shuō) means “needless to say,” “let alone,” or “not to mention.” It is used when the first case is already clear enough, so a stronger or more obvious case does not even need to be mentioned.
74
Expressing “By comparison” with “xiāngduì láishuō”
相对来说
相对来说 (xiāngduì láishuō) means “relatively speaking,” “comparatively speaking,” or “by comparison.” It is used when the speaker wants to make a comparison and say that something is true in relative, not absolute, terms.
75
Using “zěnme shuō ne” to Frame a Hesitant Opinion
怎么说呢
怎么说呢 literally means "how should I put it?" As a spoken discourse marker, it signals that the speaker is choosing words, softening a judgment, or preparing a nuanced opinion.
76
Complement Pattern “-zhù”
住
As a complement, 住 (zhù) often indicates that an action results in something becoming stable, fixed, firm, or unable to move away. At HSK6 level, this complement is not limited to very concrete physical meanings. It can also express:
77
Complement Pattern “-kāi”
开
As a complement, 开 (kāi) often indicates that something becomes separated, opened, unblocked, spread out, or released from a previous state. At HSK6 level, it is widely used in both concrete and abstract meanings.
78
Complement Pattern “-qǐlái”
起来
As a complement, 起来 (qǐlái) has several advanced functions. It can indicate:
79
Complement Pattern “-xiàlai”
下来
As a complement, 下来 (xiàlái) can indicate:
80
Advanced “bǎ” Sentences
把字句（高级）
At HSK6 level, 把字句 (bǎ zì jù) is not only about moving the object before the verb. Advanced 把 (bǎ) sentences often highlight:
81
Advanced “bèi” Sentences
被字句（高级）
At HSK6 level, 被字句 (bèi zì jù) is not only used for simple passive meaning. Advanced passive structures often highlight:
82
Topic-Comment Structures
话题句
A 话题句 (huàtí jù) is a topic-comment structure in which the sentence first introduces a topic, and then comments on it. This is one of the most important features of advanced Chinese sentence organization.
83
Elliptical Structures in Written Chinese
省略句
A 省略句 (shěnglüèjù) is an elliptical sentence in which some part is omitted because it is understood from context. At HSK6 level, such omission becomes especially common in written Chinese, narrative prose, and concise dialogue.
84
Condensed Written Structures
紧缩句
A 紧缩句 (jǐnsuōjù) is a condensed sentence structure in which a longer logical relation is compressed into a shorter pattern. This is especially common in formal written Chinese, where complex meanings are expressed economically.
85
Long Attributive Structures
长定语结构
A 长定语结构 (cháng dìngyǔ jiégòu) is a long attributive structure placed before a noun, usually ending with 的 (de). At HSK6 level, long attributive phrases are very common and allow Chinese to compress a large amount of descriptive information before the head noun.
86
Long Adverbial Structures
长状语结构
A 长状语结构 (cháng zhuàngyǔ jiégòu) is a long adverbial phrase placed before the main predicate, often giving information about:
87
Rhetorical Question Patterns
反问句
A 反问句 (fǎnwènjù) is a rhetorical question that is not asked to seek information, but to strengthen emotion, logic, or attitude. The answer is usually obvious from the speaker’s point of view.
88
Double Negation Patterns
双重否定
A 双重否定 (shuāngchóng fǒudìng) is a double-negation pattern. In Chinese, double negatives often do not cancel each other mechanically the way learners may expect. Instead, they usually create:
89
Emphatic Sentence Patterns
强调句式
强调句式 (qiángdiào jùshì) are sentence patterns used to highlight a particular part of meaning, such as the doer, the reason, the object, the time, or the real focus of a statement.
90
Passive or Impersonal Written Patterns
无主句 / 书面被动表达
In formal written Chinese, many sentences are expressed without an explicit subject, or with impersonal passive-like phrasing. These structures are common in notices, reports, rules, academic writing, and formal explanation.
91
Formal Fixed Sentence Patterns
固定书面句式
At HSK6 level, many important sentence patterns are fixed written forms rather than simple productive grammar rules. These patterns frequently appear in essays, official writing, formal reports, and serious exposition.
92
Comparing “jūrán” and “jìngrán”
居然 vs 竟然
Both 居然 (jūrán) and 竟然 (jìngrán) mean “unexpectedly” or “to one’s surprise.” They both indicate that the result goes against expectation.
93
Comparing “què” and “kěshì / dànshì”
却 vs 可是 / 但是
All three can express contrast, but they work differently.
94
Comparing “gùyì” and “tèyì”
故意 vs 特意
Both words describe intentional action, but their tone is different.
95
Comparing “fǎnfù” and “zàisān / yízài”
反复 vs 再三 / 一再
All three words relate to repetition, but their focus differs.
96
Comparing “sìhū” and “hǎoxiàng”
似乎 vs 好像
Both 似乎 (sìhū) and 好像 (hǎoxiàng) express uncertain impression or tentative judgment, similar to “it seems” or “as if.”
97
Comparing “hékuàng” and “érqiě”
何况 vs 而且
Both can connect ideas, but their logic is different.
98
Comparing “gēnjù” and “yīzhào”
根据 vs 依照
Both can be translated as “according to,” but their usage differs.
99
Comparing “wúlùn” and “bùguǎn”
无论 vs 不管
Both 无论 (wúlùn) and 不管 (bùguǎn) can mean “no matter.” They both introduce a condition under which the main result remains unchanged.
100
Comparing “zhújiàn” and “jiànjiàn”
逐渐 vs 渐渐
Both 逐渐 (zhújiàn) and 渐渐 (jiànjiàn) mean “gradually.” Both describe a slow change over time.
101
Comparing “qíshí” and “shíjì shàng”
其实 vs 实际上
Both 其实 (qíshí) and 实际上 (shíjì shàng) can mean “actually” or “in fact.” Both are used to reveal the real situation behind appearances or assumptions.
102
Comparing “guǒrán” and “jìngrán / dāngrán”
果然 vs 竟然 / 当然
These three words are very different.
103
Comparing “yǔqí...bùrú...” and “nìngkě...yě...”
与其……不如…… vs 宁可……也……
Both patterns compare alternatives, but they are used differently.
104
Comparing “chúfēi” and “yàobúshì”
除非 vs 要不是
These two are quite different, though both are often translated with conditional meanings.
105
Comparing Formal Written Connectors
书面连接词辨析
At HSK6 level, formal written connectors are extremely important because they organize logic, show relationships between clauses, and make writing more coherent and precise.

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Your HSK 6 learning path

“More” with “yù” Structures

Advanced Usage of the Contrary “dào”

Emphasizing with “hěn shì”

Emphasizing a Full Amount with “zúzú”

Expressing “Again and Again” with “yízài”

Expressing “All” with “fánshì”

Long-Standing Habits or Attitudes with “xiànglái”

Expressing “As Expected” with “guǒrán”

Expressing “As If” with “sìhū”

Expressing “Certainly” with “bìdìng”

Expressing “Coincidentally” with “qiǎo”

Emphatic Inclusion with “lián...dōu / yě...”

Expressing “Deliberately” with “gùyì”

Expressing “Especially” with “yóuqí”

Expressing “Even More So” with “hékuàng”

Introducing a Frank Opinion with “tǎnshuài de shuō”

Expressing “Gradually” with “zhújiàn”

Expressing “Hardly” with “hǎobù róngyì”

Expressing “In Fact” with “qíshí”

Expressing “Indeed” with “quèshí”

Expressing “In One Breath / Straight Through” with “yìkǒuqì”

Expressing “Merely” with “jǐnjǐn”

Expressing “On Purpose” with “tèyì”

Expressing “Repeatedly” with “fǎnfù”

Expressing “Roughly” with “dàgài”

Expressing “Simply” with “gēnběn”

Expressing “Unexpectedly” with “jūrán”

Expressing “Unexpectedly” with “jìngrán”

Expressing “Without Exception” with “yílǜ”

Formal Degree Expression with “pō”

Formal and Literary ‘-rán’ Words

Expressing Immediate or Decisive Action with ‘shuō...jiù...’

Literary Adjective Patterns

Advanced Adjectival Intensification

Expressing Contrast with “què”

Expressing Contrast with “fǎn’ér”

Expressing Contrast with “piānpiān”

Expressing Concession with “gùrán”

Expressing Concession with “chéngrán”

Expressing Transition with “rán’ér”

Expressing Transition with “búguò”

Expressing Cause with “zhèng yīnwèi”

Expressing Cause with “zhī suǒyǐ”

Expressing Conclusion with “kějiàn”

Expressing Conclusion with “yóucǐ kějiàn”

Expressing Condition with “jíshǐ”

Expressing Condition with “zòngrán”

Expressing Condition with “nǎpà”

Expressing “Only If” with “wéiyǒu”

Expressing “Unless” with “chúfēi”

Expressing “Even More” with “gèngjiā”

Expressing “Increasingly” with “rìyì”

Expressing “Not Necessarily” with “wèibì”

Expressing “No Matter What” with “wúlùn rúhé”

Expressing “Sooner or Later” with “zǎowǎn”

Expressing “Eventually” with “zhōngjiū”

Expressing “Finally” with “zhōngyú”

Expressing “At Once” with “dāngchǎng”

Expressing “Meanwhile” with “tóngshí”

Expressing “Still / Yet” with “réng”

Marking a Delayed or Conditioned Result with “cái / fāngcái”

Formal “Only Then / Only By” with “fāng”

Expressing “Altogether / In total” with “gòng”

Expressing “Roughly / In General” with “dàzhì”

Expressing “Further” with “jìnyíbù”

Expressing “Actually / In effect” with “shíjì shàng”

Expressing “From beginning to end” with “cóngtóu dào wěi”

Expressing “One after another” with “jiē’èr liánsān”

Shifting Topic or Setting a Limit with “zhìyú”

Expressing a Consequential Result with “yǐzhì / yǐzhìyú”

Expressing “Even so” with “jíbiàn rúcǐ”

Expressing “There is no denying” with “bùkě fǒurèn”

Expressing “Needless to say” with “gèng bùbì shuō”

Expressing “By comparison” with “xiāngduì láishuō”

Using “zěnme shuō ne” to Frame a Hesitant Opinion

Complement Pattern “-zhù”

Complement Pattern “-kāi”

Complement Pattern “-qǐlái”

Complement Pattern “-xiàlai”